---

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause losses ranging from minor plant damage to plant death in large numbers. Annual global losses are estimated to be approximately $100 billion (Jones et al., 2013). Therefore, PPN management is critical for increasing crop production. Nematicides can be used to try to reduce PPN numbers in the soil. Such chemicals can contaminate water and food, and some of them are toxic to farmers, animals, and other species. Growers can use resistant cultivars, crop rotation with non-host species, soil amendment with antagonistic plants, and biological management with antagonistic microorganisms to help reduce this problem.

Keyword: Suppressive soil, Nematode management, Organic amendment, Antagonists, Allelopathy

---

5. Soil suppressiveness A strategy to combat plant parasitic nematodes_revised_compressed.pdf