Soil organic carbon is a term that describes the carbon resulting from the breakdown of organic matter deposited in the soil. It plays a vital role in improving soil health and productivity. Soil organic matter consists of both plant and animal remains that are decomposed by microorganisms, earthworms and other biota in the soil. Sustaining ecosystem health and maintaining soil quality requires soil organic carbon. Hence, it is necessary to increase soil organic carbon for improved physical, chemical and biological properties of soils that lead to increased soil health and ultimately result in improved land productivity. There are various sustainable ways, such as agroforestry, organic farming, conservation agriculture and natural farming, to promote climate-smart agriculture practices by enhancing levels of soil organic carbon. This will reduce impacts on climate change while at the same time improving soil organic carbon resulting in improved agricultural production as well as promotion of healthy soils.