The Indian mangrove forest is a unique and ecologically significant ecosystem that is a crucial habitat for a diverse range of flora and fauna, providing numerous ecological services and benefits to local communities. However, mangrove ecosystems are under severe threat due to various drivers of change. This article provides an overview of the changes in mangrove forest area and species composition over the past two decades and conservation strategies. The Indian mangrove forest faces challenges such as habitat loss and degradation due to factors like sediment supply reduction and salinization, contemporary influences like sea-level rise and temperature increase, and occasional shocks such as cyclones and storm surges. From 2000 to 2020, the core area of the Sundarbans mangrove forest decreased by -6.42%, and the buffer area declined by -4.78%, whereas the transition area exhibited a remarkable increase of +94.20%. Climate change-induced phenomena like sea level rise and extreme weather events severely threaten these fragile ecosystems. To address these issues and conserve mangrove forests effectively, a comprehensive strategy is essential, covering habitat protection, sustainable management practices, community engagement, and climate change mitigation efforts.