Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for nearly half of the global population, necessitating sustainable cultivation practices to ensure food security. However, rice production faces significant challenges due to flooding, particularly in rainfed lowlands. This article explores the mechanisms of sediment deposition on rice plants during floods and its detrimental impact on photosynthesis and productivity. In flood-prone areas of North Bengal, flash floods caused by heavy rainfall pose a substantial threat to rice. Sediment deposition on rice plants involves erosion, transport, and deposition mechanisms, influenced by factors like sediment load and river characteristics. The deposited sediments reduce chlorophyll content and gas exchange, affecting effective photosynthesis. This leads to altered growth attributes, diminished leaf area, and hindered photosynthetic capacity, ultimately poor rice yield. Solutions include watershed management, soil conservation techniques, optimal sowing practices, and employing sprinkler systems for sediment removal. A multidimensional approach that combines ecosystem-level management and targeted agronomic interventions is crucial for sustaining rice productivity and food security in flood-prone regions.