Plant breeding is an amalgamation of different branches of science to improve and develop new genetic variation. The traditional breeding methods produced random genetic changes whereas precision breeding is a modern approach for improving plants’ genetic characteristics using advanced technologies to achieve specific targeted changes in trait management. It offers significant advantages like increased efficiency, specificity, and predictability. The focus areas include enhancing disease resistance, improving tolerance to abiotic stress, fortifying nutritional content, increasing yield, boosting pest resistance, and improving quality. As technology progresses, it contributes to global food security, sustainability, and dietary outcomes. The advancement of base editing methodologies in rice and wheat, along with the effectiveness of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in enabling high-efficiency multiplex genome editing in both monocot and dicot plants. This article explores the mechanism and technology associated with CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs, and ZFNs that offer their capabilities in improving plant traits.