The demand for scarce water resources grows as human needs increase. Rainfall plays a pivotal role in the sustainability of water resources. Due to climate change and increasing human population, the eastern Indian region has been experiencing aberrant rainfall patterns impacting agricultural practices. The management and constriction of rainwater harvesting units like lakes, ponds, tanks, reservoir etc. are crucial especially for supplying irrigation in crop cultivation. As far as availability of water resources are concerned, West Bengal has the highest number of water bodies followed by Uttar Pradesh and Odisha. Ponds account the highest existing form of water resources in the region. The increment of water use efficiency through micro-irrigation method in agriculture is a promising approach to challenge the aberrant climatic condition and inadequate availability of irrigation water.